电离层虚高的高精度测量与分析

为了提高电离层虚高测量精度,介绍了利用电离层回波相位实现高精度虚高测量的方法,并以CADI(Canadian Advanced Digital Ionosonde)电离层数字测高仪为研究平台,进行组合脉冲控制和回波相位测量分析,开展了一系列虚高测量实验,并与传统的利用回波时间延迟的虚高测量方法进行了分析比较.实验结果表明,基于回波相位的测量分析方法与回波时延测量分析方法相比,其虚高测量精度高一个量级以上,这对精确反演电离层峰下电子浓度剖面及研究电离层精细结构具有重要意义.      

三端口反射计的新研究

分析了三端口网络的特殊性,提出了用三端口反射计测量网络参数的新方法—标量崐检测矢量变换方法。该方法通过三端口反射计的标量检测方程,利用取样网络的本崐征参数进行变换求得复反射系数或散射参数,而与测量系统的比例常数无关,简化崐了测量系统硬件,并提高了测量系统的可靠性和稳定性。实验结果证明了该方法的崐正确性和可行性。     

微型飞行器高度估计的最小二乘法

对微型飞行器高度估计问题,提出了基于针孔成像的最小二乘法。利用惯性器件测量的姿态角,建立了目标在2帧图像的4个投影方程,得到目标相对高度的最小二乘解。对该方法进行了仿真验证,结果表明当飞行器横滚角变化不大时,高度估计对姿态角误差具有较好的鲁棒性,误差在2 m以内,优于传统方法。该方法计算量小,适合微型飞行器平稳飞行时应用。     

Effects of solar activity variations on the low latitude topside nighttime ionosphere

We have studied the topside nighttime ionosphere of the low latitude region using data obtained from DMSP F15, ROCSAT-1, KOMPSAT-1, and GUVI on the TIMED satellite for the period of 2000–2004, during which solar activity decreased from its maximum. As these satellites operated at different altitudes, we were able to discriminate altitude dependence of several key ionospheric parameters on the level of solar activity. For example, with intensifying solar activity, electron density was seen to increase more rapidly at higher altitudes than at lower altitudes, implying that the corresponding scale height also increased. The density increased without saturation at all observed altitudes when plotted against solar EUV flux instead of F10.7. The results of the present study, as compared with those of previous studies for lower altitudes, indicate that topside vertical scale height increases with altitude and that, when solar activity increases, topside vertical scale height increases more rapidly at higher altitudes than at lower altitudes. Temperature also increased more rapidly at higher altitudes than at lower altitudes as solar activity increased. In addition, the height of the F2 peak was seen to increase with increasing solar activity, along with the oxygen ion fraction measured above the F2 peak. These results confirm that the topside ionosphere rises and expands with increasing solar activity.     

单自由度力觉交互系统建模与分析

为提高力觉交互系统性能,需要通过建模和分析来了解各参数对系统性能的影响.对单自由度力觉交互系统,假设虚拟环境为被动,将操作者对系统影响分为主动输入和被动阻抗,建立了包括操作者在内的力觉交互系统模型;通过双端口网络理论的应用,就系统对刚度阻尼组合虚拟环境的稳定性进行了分析,给出了系统稳定条件的一般判定准则,并由此分析了传动刚度对系统稳定性的影响.该方法可以用于对力觉交互系统的性能评估和设计指导.      

经济型微机电台阶测量仪的研究

针对微机电系统(MEMS)中微小器件的表面刻蚀沟槽及台阶的测量,研制采用步进电机运动平台和微力电感测头,用变截面片簧作回转运动的测头支撑机构,对运动平台存在的偏心作用力和振动噪声问题做了分析和研究,提出了有效的解决方案。     

Monitoring of maize lodging using multi-temporal Sentinel-1 SAR data

Lodging is a common phenomenon in maize production, which seriously affects its yield, quality, and mechanical harvesting capacity. With good penetrating power, satellite radar can monitor crop growth even under cloudy weather conditions. In this study, a method based on the change in plant height before and after lodging in maize is proposed to calculate the lodging angle and monitor the lodging degree by using dual-polarization Sentinel-1A data. The results show that the optimal sensitive polarization combinations of maize plant height before and after lodging are VH/VV and VV, respectively. The lodging angle is calculated using the plant height inversion results before and after lodging. The overall accuracy of classifying lodging grade of maize is 67%. The proposed model based on lodging angle could effectively mapped the maize lodging range on a regional scale and classify the lodging grades.     

High-performance altimeter Doppler processing for measuring sea level height under varying sea state conditions

This paper describes an innovative method for processing nadir altimeter data acquired in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) mode, enhancing the system performances over open ocean. Similarly to the current SAR data processing scheme, the so-called LR-RMC (Low Resolution with Range Migration Correction) method, originally designed by Phalippou and Demeester (2011), includes Doppler beam forming, Doppler shift correction and range correction. In LR-RMC, however, an alternative and less complex averaging (stacking) operation is used so that all the Doppler beams produced in a radar cycle (4 bursts of 64 beams for the open-burst Sentinel-3-mode altimeter) are incoherently combined to form a multi-beam echo. In that manner, contrarily to the narrow-band SAR technique, the LR-RMC processing enlarges the effective footprint to average out the effects of surface waves and particularly those from small sub-mesoscale structures (<1 km) that are known to impact SAR-mode performances. On the other hand, the number of averaged beams is as high as in current SAR-mode processing, thus providing a noise reduction at least equally good. The LR-RMC method has the added benefit of reducing the incoherent integration time with respect to the SAR-mode processing (50 ms compared to 2.5 s) limiting possible surface movement effects. By processing one year of Sentinel-3A SRAL SAR-mode data using the LR-RMC method, it is shown that the swell impact on the SAR altimeter performances is totally removed and that an improvement of 10–50% is obtained in the measurement noise of the sea surface height and significant wave height with respect to SAR mode. Additionally, observational capabilities over the middle scales are enhanced potentially allowing the ocean mesoscale features to be retrieved and observations assimilated more usefully in ocean models.     

风雪运动数值模拟中自保持平衡边界条件研究

在目前风场自保持性研究的基础上,结合等效物理粗糙高度,给出一类近似满足自保持性的用于风雪运动数值模拟的边界条件.首先结合低温风洞实验室的风雪实验数据,把文献的方法应用于风雪运动数值模拟中.经对比验算发现,文献的方法应用于风雪数值模拟中不能很好满足自保持性.为了进一步满足自保持性要求,引入等效物理粗糙高度,建立起雪跃移高度与等效物理粗糙高度的关系.结果表明:通过引入等效物理粗糙高度,边界条件的自保持特性得到了进一步的提高.最后对该方法的应用进行了推广验证.     

基于深度卷积网络的海洋涡旋检测模型

传统的利用遥感数据检测涡旋的方法通常是基于物理参数、几何特征、手工特征或专家知识。本文重点研究了基于深度学习技术从海表面高度图中识别海洋涡旋的方法。针对海洋卫星拍摄的海洋表面高度图中的涡旋检测问题，提出了一种基于卷积神经网络的多涡旋检测模型，该模型能够准确提取涡旋的特征信息，拟合语义信息与海面高度之间的关系。同时，在用于涡旋检测的最新公开数据集SCSE-Eddy上进行模型训练，以评估基于人工智能的涡旋检测方法性能，该数据集涵盖了15年来位于中国南海及其东部部分海域的每日卫星遥感海表面高度数据。实验结果表明，与现有的方法相比，本文模型取得了更好的检测结果，能够更好地区分相距较近的涡旋。